Welcome, Tuskappa (Pupils)! This guide is designed to function as a standalone pocket book to learn Yivalese (also known later as Valakese).

Yivalese is a highly metaphorical, agglutinative language. This means it creates complex words by “gluing” specific suffixes and prefixes onto a stable root word, where each added piece provides a distinct layer of meaning without changing the core root. By the end of this guide, you will have everything you need to navigate a Yivalese-speaking environment.

In Yivalese, verbs and nouns don't exist as entirely separate entities. Instead, a root word changes its meaning based on where it is in space and time. This is called the Case System.

Every root word can be modified by four main directional frames:

You can add standalone particles to emphasize the physical or temporal distance of a word:

Instead of separate words for “I” or “You,” Yivalese glues personhood suffixes directly to the end of the root word.

You can stack the Space/Time frame with the Personhood suffix!

• Mwani (Worm + There + Me): I am not currently a worm / Over there is my worm.
• Muniye (Worm + Me + Hither): I am becoming a worm / With my worm.
• Muyoni (Worm + Hence + Me): I am no longer a worm / From my worm.

If you want to emphasize the subject or object, you can use standalone pronouns:

• Ell (Me-here)
• Ney (Me-hence)
• Tu (You)

Examples:

• Ell Mu (Me-here Worm): I am a worm.
• Eli mwi (Me-hither Worm-hither): I want a worm (To me this incoming worm).
• Ney muyo (Me-hence Worm-hence): I do not want a worm (Far from me this leaving worm).
• Mu ney (Worm Me-hence): I have a worm / This is my worm.

Because verbs and nouns are the same, you create “tenses” by using postpositions and suffixes. Let's look at the root Eez (To Eat).

To express desire, attach these suffixes to your root:

• -kha (Wish to): Ezin-kha (I want to eat).
• -khaw (Wish not to): Ezin-khaw (I don't want to eat).
• -khafe (Should / Might want to): Ezin-khafe (I should probably eat).
• -foy (Indeed / Of course!): Ezim-foy! (Of course I'm eating!).

In Yivalese culture, respect for the natural cycle, the sharing of food, and the acknowledgment of space are vital.

Pro-Tip: Sharing food is a massive sign of trust. Giving fruits (Alawsti) means you believe the person deserves to be fed.

• Ezin-kha: I want to eat / I am hungry.
• Alu!: Give water! / I'm thirsty!
• Kakh: Cheese / Loaf.
• Vghar: Beer.
• Lo Nazalo: Wine.
• Nasef!: Enjoy! (Bon appétit).

In Yivalese, spatial awareness is everything. Directions are deeply tied to the body (Head, Nose, Feet) and cardinal directions (Sunrise, Sunset).

The most important rule to remember is that Yivalese speakers map their bodies to the compass. East (Len) is associated with the Sunrise and the right side of the body. West (Go) is associated with Sunset, lying down, and the left side of the body.

If you want to say “Left” or “Right” relative to a person, you attach the 2nd-person suffix -ts (Your) to the cardinal direction.

Yivalese uses the Hither/Hence logic to describe movement relative to these axes. You don't just “go up,” you move *hither* toward the sky.

Yivalese numbers are heavily tied to natural cycles and prime numbers.

• 1: Nen
• 2: Do
• 3: Lel
• 4: Go / Tsho
• 5: Bam
• 6: Dule
• 7: Nir
• 10: Kuzh / DzKi

• Lubakh: Hour. (Literally a “Flow stick”). This refers to a water-clock hour, which lasts approximately 20-22 human minutes.
• Lenke: Today / The span of a day.
• Linoku: Daytime (From dawn to dusk).
• Koyolen: Nighttime (From dusk to dawn).

Yivalese is built on metaphors. Death, violence, and lying are taboo, so locals use colorful imagery instead.

• Pustesha (Rotten tale): A lie. “A rotten tale deserves 24 kicks.”
• Tuskappa (Bean bag): A pupil or student (the good beans retained after sifting).
• Tuskekhad (Sieve hand): A teacher (the one who sifts the beans).
• Iigla (Elk): A sweet dummy. Someone who has grown in size but not in mind.
• Khini (Rabbit): Fickle luck, hopping grace, or a prankster.
• Mewaskir (Uncontrolled fire): A chaotic, dangerous situation or person.